Burgess model However, there are limits to the Burgess model: The model is now quite old and was developed before the advent of mass car ownership. New working and housing trends have emerged since the model was developed. Many people now choose to live and work outside the city on the urban fringe - a phenomenon that is not reflected in the Burgess model.
Every city is different - there is no such thing as a typical city. Hoyt model. Most major cities in southeast Asia are port cities, and were originally located on the coast because they offered trading opportunities. Therefore these cities are prevented from expanding in all directions by the coastline, so are not represented by rings around the centre, but by a wedge or semi-circular shape instead.
It has been updated to reflect the fast growth of population, and therefore the expansion of the urban area, since then. Especially important is the location of new industrial zones, which are not on the coast but inland where there is plenty of cheap land. Harm de Blij was a geographer who, among many other interests, studied the urban development of cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. He recognised that there was frequently an old CBD with colonial buildings and some redevelopment especially tower blocks.
Residential areas are distinguished from one another not only by household wealth the poorest are often on the edge of the city, because new migrants set up squatter settlements there but also by ethnicity. This is partly because some African countries were created from arbitrary colonial borders rather than from tribal or national groupings, so ethnically similar people group together when they migrate to the city.
Look at a modern map of Africa and observe the large number of straight-line borders. Many of these reflect agreements made by European powers in the Berlin Conference, which separated territories between European countries for the purposes of colonial expansion. When countries achieved independence, these borders were retained. The modern Chinese city has developed according to the planning principles of the Chinese government, which maintains strict control over both internal migration and construction.
Since the late s, the Chinese government has presided over the largest mass migration in history, with over 80 million people permanently migrating from rural areas in the centre and west to urban areas in the south and east and also some to the far west , and perhaps over million moving for seasonal work while retaining a link with their home such as leaving their children there Roth, The result has been a planned expansion of both population and urban footprint of many Chinese cities.
Some huge cities have resulted including the megacities of Chongqing, Shanghai and Beijing. In the s, Piper Gaubatz, an urban geographer at the University of Massachusetts Gaubatz, , studied the general layout of these new cities and identified patterns of urban planning, including the development of specific areas for manufacturing and commerce.
The model below shows the outcome; moreover, the pace of development means many areas are very similar, as shown in the photograph at the top of this page. It is a shopping district in Chongqing, one of the largest cities in China. Models can be even more specifc. Thank you! Both these models show how it is possible to be very specific to a type of city. These very specific models — going beyond a continental location and down to a sub-region — provide an interesting opportunity for further study and the creation of more models for individual cities.
Burgess, The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. In Park et al. The City. Florida, Gaubatz, Built Environment, Vol. Harris and Ullman, The nature of cities. Hill, Hoyt, Knights, Hoyt Model. Lutters and Ackerman, An Introduction to the Chicago School of Sociology. No author specified, no date. Models to Know.
Planning Tank, Multiple Nuclei Model of by C. Harris and Edward L. Rodrigue, Roth, Submitted successfully! Thank you for your contribution! Check Note. Read Edit History Comment Lists.
Table of Contents. Topic review. Subjects: Geography. View times: Submitted by: Richard Wolfel. Introduction Urban models are abstractions of reality that attempt to explain and predict urban spatial patterns and the functions of cities in a simplified manner. References Park, R. The City. University of Chicago Press: 47— Hoyt, H.
Harris, C. Griffin, Ernest and Ford, Larry McGee, T. Reconstructing the Southeast Asian city in an era of volatile globalization. Asian Journal of Social Science, 30 1 :
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