Once in office, he pursued an ambitious agenda of progressive reform that included the establishment of the Federal Reserve and Federal Trade Commission. Wilson tried to keep the United States neutral during World War I, but ultimately called on Congress to declare war on Germany in After the war, he helped negotiate a peace treaty that included a plan for the League of Nations. Although the Senate rejected U.
Tommy Wilson, as he was called growing up, spent his childhood and teen years in Augusta, Georgia , and Columbia, South Carolina. Wilson graduated from Princeton University then called the College of New Jersey in and went on to attend law school at the University of Virginia. After briefly practicing law in Atlanta, Georgia, he received a Ph.
Wilson remains the only U. He taught at Bryn Mawr College and Wesleyan College before being hired by Princeton in as a professor of jurisprudence and politics. From to , Wilson was president of Princeton, where he developed a national reputation for his educational reform policies. During his tenure, however, he also prevented enrollment of Black students at the university.
And in , Wilson published a five-volume textbook, The History of the American People , which presented a romanticized view of the Confederacy and described the Ku Klux Klan, a violent terrorist group, as "roving knights errant In , Woodrow Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey, where he fought machine politics and garnered national attention as a progressive reformer.
In , the Democrats nominated Wilson for president, selecting Thomas Marshall , the governor of Indiana , as his vice presidential running mate. The Republican Party split over their choice for a presidential candidate: Conservative Republicans re-nominated President William Taft , while the progressive wing broke off to form the Progressive or Bull Moose Party and nominated Theodore Roosevelt , who had served as president from to With the Republicans divided, Wilson, who campaigned on a platform of liberal reform, won electoral votes, compared to 88 for Roosevelt and eight for Taft.
He garnered nearly 42 percent of the popular vote; Roosevelt came in second place with more than 27 percent of the popular vote. At the age of 56, Woodrow Wilson was sworn into office in March He was the last American president to travel to his inauguration ceremony in a horse-drawn carriage. Once in the White House , Wilson achieved significant progressive reform. Congress passed the Underwood-Simmons Act, which reduced the tariff on imports and imposed a new federal income tax.
Other accomplishments included child labor laws, an eight-hour day for railroad workers and government loans to farmers. Additionally, Wilson nominated the first Jewish person to the U. Supreme Court , Louis Brandeis , who was confirmed by the Senate in Wilson's progressive agenda did not apply to all Americans, however. Wilson retired to his home in Washington, D. His presidential library is located in Staunton. Encyclopedia Virginia Grady Ave. Virginia Humanities acknowledges the Monacan Nation , the original people of the land and waters of our home in Charlottesville, Virginia.
We invite you to learn more about Indians in Virginia in our Encyclopedia Virginia. Skip to content. Contributor: Mark Benbow. Something Doing at Washington. The Birth of a Nation. Treaty of Versailles Big Four. Newsreel Footage of Woodrow Wilson. December 28, Woodrow Wilson is born in Staunton. The family lives there until He then attends the University of Virginia law school for one year. He completes a doctorate in the history of government two years later.
He serves from until November 5, Woodrow Wilson wins the U. March 4, Woodrow Wilson takes office as the twenty-eighth president of the United States. May A German submarine sinks the British passenger liner Lusitania , killing nearly 1, people, including Americans. Popular opinion in America, which had long been isolationist, now supports war against Germany. It is the second marriage for both. November 7, Woodrow Wilson is reelected president of the United States.
January Woodrow Wilson gives a speech titled "Peace Without Victory" that outlines peace terms for World War I, proposing the two sides negotiate as equals rather than as victor and vanquished. This so-called Zimmermann Telegram fuels American public support for war.
April 2, Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany "because the world must be made safe for democracy. January 8, Woodrow Wilson delivers a speech articulating his "Fourteen Points," which set conditions for a just and lasting peace for World War I. Among his proposals is the League of Nations, an idea originally proposed by the British but most vocally and forcefully advocated by Wilson. November 11, World War I ends. June 28, The Treaty of Versailles is signed.
During the peace settlement talks, Woodrow Wilson convinced the other major powers, including Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, to approve the League of Nations, but the final treaty is harsher than Wilson had planned and further alienates Germany. November 19, The U. February 3, Woodrow Wilson dies in his home in Washington, D. Brands, H. Woodrow Wilson.
New York: Times Books, Clements, Kendrick. The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, Cooper, John Milton. Breaking the Heart of the World. Power When I resist, therefore, when I as a Democrat resist the concentration of power, I am resisting the processes of death, because the concentration of power is what always precedes the destruction of human initiative, and, therefore of human energy. Public Service There is no cause half so sacred as the cause of a people.
There is no idea so uplifting as the idea of the service of humanity. Responsibility of People In the last analysis, my fellow countrymen, as we in America would be the first to claim, a people are responsible for the acts of their government.
World War I The world must be made safe for democracy. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance. But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts, for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free.
To such a task we dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured.
God helping her, she can do no other. From the Internet Public Library. Many facts and figures. Includes links to texts of speeches by Wilson and sound recordings of his voice. From Grolier Online. An article from the Encyclopedia Americana by Arthur S. Link, the preeminent scholar on Woodrow Wilson and editor of Wilson's papers. Constitutional Government in the United States. Link et al. Princeton, N. Daniels, Josephus. The life of Woodrow Wilson, Philadelphia; Chicago: The John C.
Winston Company, Grayson, Cary T. Woodrow Wilson: an intimate memoir. Washington : Potomac Books, c Tumulty, Joseph P. Woodrow Wilson as I know him. Garden City, N. Wilson, Edith Bolling. My Memoir. Ambrosius, Lloyd E. Wilsonianism: Woodrow Wilson and his legacy in American foreign relations.
Baker, Ray Stannard. Woodrow Wilson: life and letters , 8 vols. Clements, Kendrick A. The presidency of Woodrow Wilson. Lawrence, Kan. Breaking the heart of the world: Woodrow Wilson and the fight for the League of Nations.
The warrior and the priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt. Knock, editors. Jefferson, Lincoln, and Wilson: the American dilemma of race and democracy.
Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Gould, Lewis L. Four hats in the ring: the election and the birth of modern American politics. Lawrence : University Press of Kansas, Kennedy, Ross A. A companion to Woodrow Wilson. Knock, Thomas J. To end all wars : Woodrow Wilson and the quest for a new world order. New York: Oxford University Press, Link, Arthur S. Princeton : Princeton University Press, Woodrow Wilson: revolution, war, and peace. Arlington Heights, Ill. Davidson,
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